SUMMARY
SUMMARY ■ Control is more difficult internationally because of (1) the geographic and cultural distance separating countries, (2) the need for diversity among locales in methods of operating, (3) the larger amount of uncontrollables abroad, and (4) the higher uncertainty due to data problems and rapid change. ■ Whether decisions are made at the subsidiary level or by managers above the subsidiary should depend on the relative competence of individuals at the two levels, the cost of decision making at each level, and the effects the decisions will have on total corporate performance. ■ Even though worldwide uniformity of policies and other centralized decisions may not be best for an individual operation, the overall company gain may be more than enough to overcome the individual country losses. When top management prevents subsidiary managers from doing their best job, however, they should consider the consequences for employee morale. ■ Many critics within LDCs have argued that c...